Pakistan’s Security & Foreign Affairs: June 2025 Outlook

1. Internal Security & Counterterrorism Measures

The government continues to prioritize internal security, with operations underway against banned militant outfits in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. Intelligence-based operations (IBOs) have intensified in response to a recent uptick in targeted attacks, particularly along the western border.

The military leadership has reaffirmed its commitment to eradicating terrorism, with the Chief of Army Staff stating that any threat to national integrity will be met with “full force.” Civil-military coordination is being enhanced under the National Action Plan 2.0, and there is renewed focus on tightening border management and eliminating sleeper cells.

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2. Afghan Border & Western Front

The situation along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border remains tense. Cross-border infiltration and militant movements continue to pose challenges. Pakistan has urged the interim Afghan government to prevent the use of Afghan soil by terrorist elements targeting Pakistani forces and civilians.

Border fencing efforts are ongoing, and several new border posts have been established. Diplomatic backchannels remain active, but progress is slow due to trust deficits and security realities on the ground.

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3. India-Pakistan Relations

While there has been no formal dialogue between Islamabad and New Delhi in recent months, backchannel contacts reportedly continue in an attempt to reduce LOC tensions. Both sides are maintaining a fragile ceasefire agreement along the Line of Control since February 2021, though incidents of surveillance drone activity and military build-up are occasionally reported.

Kashmir remains the central issue. Pakistan continues to raise concerns at international forums about human rights in Indian-administered Kashmir. However, the global response remains largely symbolic, with little pressure exerted on India.

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4. China-Pakistan Strategic Cooperation

Pakistan’s partnership with China remains robust, with recent progress in the second phase of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Security around CPEC projects has been tightened following past attacks on Chinese nationals. A dedicated protection division continues to escort Chinese engineers and workers.

Strategic dialogue between Islamabad and Beijing has also included defense cooperation, joint military training, and cybersecurity collaborations. China remains a key partner for economic and military support amid shifting global alliances.

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5. Relations with the US and Gulf States

Pakistan is cautiously rebuilding its relationship with the United States. Cooperation remains focused on counterterrorism, regional stability, and climate-related issues. However, the US has maintained a transactional posture, and strategic trust is still fragile post-Afghanistan withdrawal.

Meanwhile, ties with Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar have strengthened economically and diplomatically. Gulf countries are investing in Pakistan’s energy and agriculture sectors, and Pakistan continues to offer skilled labor and military training support in return.

Pakistan’s security strategy in 2025 is marked by proactive counterterrorism, cautious diplomacy, and strong reliance on regional allies like China and the Gulf states. While internal threats persist and regional relations remain complex, the overall direction is one of maintaining sovereignty, securing economic corridors, and ensuring regional balance through calculated diplomacy.

Public awareness, community engagement, and media responsibility remain key to supporting national efforts for a safer and more stable Pakistan.

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Monsoon Flood Alert: 2025 Outlook & Safety Guide for Pakistan

Monsoon Flood Threat and Weather Outlook in Pakistan

Pakistan is preparing for the summer monsoon season of 2025, with authorities warning of unusually heavy rains in many regions. National weather agencies expect the monsoon to arrive early – around late June – and bring near-normal to above-normal rainfall across central and southern Pakistan. Forecasters predict hotter-than-usual temperatures nationwide, which can worsen flooding by accelerating snow and glacier melt. Agencies like the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) and National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) caution that the combination of heavy monsoon downpours and heat will raise flood risks from July through September. Overall rainfall is expected to be slightly higher than average, with especially enhanced rainfall over eastern Punjab, Kashmir and parts of Sindh, while northern highlands (Gilgit-Baltistan and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) may see average or even below-average rains.

Recent forecasts stress that river flooding, flash floods and urban inundation are more likely this year. The PMD’s monsoon outlook (released May 2025) calls for “normal to slightly above-normal” rains in the monsoon core (Punjab, Sindh) and warns of dust storms, hail and strong winds accompanying storms. NDMA briefings to parliament echoed this: Punjab’s northeast and southern parts could see up to 50% more rainfall than usual, while Balochistan will remain mostly dry and hot. Sindh’s upper districts (Sukkur, Jacobabad, etc.) and Karachi’s coastal areas are also flagged for above-normal rain, raising urban flood concerns. Monsoon rains from July onward may be particularly intense in hills and plains, increasing the chance of hill torrent flash floods and overflows on major rivers like the Indus. Authorities emphasize that the first half of the season could bring the worst flooding, so communities should prepare early.

High-Risk Regions for Flooding

• Sindh (South and Central) – Heavy rains are likely, especially in northern Sindh (Sukkur, Larkana, Jacobabad). Lower Sindh (Karachi, Hyderabad, Thatta, Mirpur Khas) will get relief from dry spells but may see urban flooding episodes. Karachi’s drainage often cannot handle deluges, so even moderate storms can inundate low-lying areas. Coastal cities also face storm surge and drainage overflow during intense downpours. In addition, parts of Tharparkar (east Sindh) may see localized extreme rains, leading to flash floods in normally arid terrain.

• Punjab (Central and South) – Much of Punjab is expected to be wetter than normal, especially north and northeast (Rawalpindi, Lahore, Gujranwala regions) as well as floodplains of south Punjab. Hill torrents draining the Sulaiman foothills (Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur, Muzaffargarh, Layyah) are at risk of sudden flash floods, particularly later in July. Even densely populated cities like Lahore, Faisalabad and Multan face hazards: urban areas with poor drainage can flood quickly when heavy rain falls. Overall, the combination of heavy rain and melting mountain snow could push the Indus and its tributaries to high levels, threatening widespread riverine flooding in Punjab’s countryside.

• Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Northern Areas – Rainfall will be uneven. The foothills and southern districts (Peshawar, Mardan, Swat, D.I. Khan) may see normal to above-normal rain, with the south benefiting from moist winds. Flash flooding is a concern in steep valleys and roads. Northern KP (Abbottabad, Chitral, Dir) and Gilgit-Baltistan could actually get below-normal rain, but intense storms are still possible. Very warm weather and intermittent rain may trigger Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in mountain areas (Hunza, Gilgit) due to melting glaciers. Hill regions of AJK will get heavy monsoon rains too, heightening landslide and creek flooding risks.

• Balochistan – Monsoon rains are generally light here, but the eastern and central districts (Khuzdar, Lasbela, Washuk) could receive slightly above-normal rain in the later monsoon. Western highland areas (Quetta, Zhob) will stay mostly dry. Even brief heavy storms pose a flash flood threat in Balochistan because the ground is hard and sparsely vegetated. Low-lying villages and roadways could be quickly cut off by sudden local floods. Overall, southern and northeastern Balochistan may see some beneficial rain this year, but widespread flooding is not expected.

Preparedness and Safety Tips

Pakistan’s disaster authorities urge everyone – city and village dwellers alike – to prepare now. Key steps include:

• Stay Informed: Monitor local weather forecasts and official alerts (PMD bulletins and NDMA advisories). Pay attention to warnings from local authorities and consider moving to safer areas if directed. Always have a battery-powered radio or mobile phone charged, and follow news updates during storms.

• Urban Safety Measures: In cities like Karachi, Lahore or Islamabad, clear storm drains and gutters of trash before the rains. Avoid traveling by car or foot when heavy rain is predicted – most flood injuries occur when people try to cross flooded streets. Keep sandbags or barriers ready around homes if you live in a low-lying area. Unplug non-essential electronics; secure loose rooftop items and ensure roofs and balconies drain properly. After floods, boil drinking water and avoid contact with floodwater if possible (it may carry disease).

• Rural and Hilly Area Safety: Villagers should move livestock and valuables to higher ground ahead of storms. Strengthen or build raised platforms near rivers and torrents for animals. Farmers along hill torrents should consider temporary levees or cleared channels to guide flash floods away from settlements. Keep boats and canoes ready if you live near swollen rivers. In general, do not camp or build houses close to riverbanks or canal embankments this season.

• Emergency Kit: Prepare a simple flood kit with essentials: clean water, non-perishable food, first-aid supplies, flashlights, batteries, whistles, necessary medicines, and copies of important documents (ID cards, insurance papers) sealed in plastic. Store kits in elevated, waterproof containers. Keep cash and mobile charging devices handy.

• Backup Power and Shelter: Ensure power generators or battery packs are working. If electricity or utilities fail, have candles and portable chargers. Identify the nearest public shelter or community center in case you need to evacuate. Make a family communication plan and know emergency numbers. Check on elderly or vulnerable neighbors, as they need extra help during floods.

• After the Storm: Once heavy rains pass, be alert for standing water and weakened riverbanks. Avoid flooded areas, and do not drive through high water – even a foot of moving water can sweep a car off the road. Report broken sewer or water lines and avoid using contaminated wells. If flooding occurs, listen for instructions on boil-water advisories or evacuations and move immediately if floodwaters rise around you.

By taking these precautions before the rains start, communities can greatly reduce injury and property damage. Both urban and rural populations should work with local officials (PDMAs) to stay prepared, keep drainage clear and know evacuation routes.

Climate and Infrastructure Factors

Pakistan’s vulnerability to monsoon floods has been growing over the past decades. Climate trends now favor heavier downpours: a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture, so when storms come they tend to dump more rain. Studies of Pakistan’s record 2022 floods found that global warming likely made the torrential monsoon rains more intense (some analyses suggest a 10–50% boost). This means each heavy storm can cause more runoff and flooding than it used to.

At the same time, infrastructure and land-use issues magnify the impacts. Rapid urban growth has left many people living in flood-prone areas. In cities, poorly maintained drainage and encroachment on natural waterways make even moderate rain overwhelming. In farming areas, deforestation and soil erosion in hilly regions cause hill torrents to grow in intensity and speed. Pakistan’s main reservoirs (Tarbela, Mangla) currently hold ample water, which may help reduce flood peaks, but river embankments and levees in the plains are often outdated. Rapidly filling dams (like the under-construction Diamer-Bhasha) may also influence river flows over coming years.

Recognizing these challenges, authorities have updated contingency plans. They stress coordinated response: health services on alert for waterborne disease, maintenance teams clearing drains, and warning systems linking weather forecasts to local evacuations. Recent forums with international partners have highlighted the need for smarter land use – avoiding settlements on active flood plains – and investing in early warning networks (radar, sirens, SMS alerts).

Ultimately, flooding is part of Pakistan’s monsoon reality. But with early warnings from the PMD and NDMA, and by acting on lessons from past floods, people can limit damage. The main advice is clear: take the forecasts seriously, prepare ahead of time, and don’t underestimate the rain. If communities remain vigilant and heed the official guidance, lives and livelihoods can be saved despite this year’s heavy monsoon rains.

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Top IT Breakthroughs 2025

Top Global IT Inventions and Developments in 2025

The year 2025 marks a pivotal phase in the evolution of information technology. The global IT landscape is being reshaped by breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, quantum systems, sustainable hardware, and intelligent automation. These trends are no longer experimental; they are actively redefining industries, economies, and the way we interface with machines and data.

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1. Generalized Generative AI and Multimodal Intelligence

AI in 2025 has evolved from task-specific models to generalized intelligence across text, image, video, and code. OpenAI’s GPT-4.5 and other similar large language models now support real-time reasoning, visual interpretation, and multilingual dialogue with near-human fluency.

Multimodal AI is being implemented in sectors like legal drafting, patient diagnostics, architectural design, and even judicial assistance. AI agents are now integrated into enterprise systems, capable of learning workflows, analyzing documents, and autonomously performing decision-making under constraints.

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2. Quantum Advantage Nearing Reality

In 2025, multiple research centers have reached what’s being called “quantum practicality”—where quantum devices outperform classical supercomputers in select industrial problems.

Error correction, the biggest hurdle in quantum computing, has seen massive improvement with superconducting qubits and silicon spin-based architectures. Companies in logistics, material science, and drug development have already begun using early-access quantum cloud platforms to simulate molecules, optimize supply chains, and predict financial models beyond classical limits.

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3. Post-5G and Pre-6G Deployment

While 5G has become globally standardized, telcos and governments are now testing early 6G concepts. These include sub-terahertz frequency transmission, AI-driven traffic routing, and intelligent spectrum reallocation.

Post-5G architecture integrates edge computing natively with AI inference at the tower level, reducing network latency to under 1 millisecond. For autonomous vehicles, drones, and extended reality services, this level of responsiveness is critical.

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4. Decentralized and Self-Healing Cloud Infrastructure

Modern IT infrastructure in 2025 embraces decentralization and self-repair capabilities. Systems are now designed using zero-trust principles and federated models, where no single node or cloud provider is a failure point.

Edge clusters now use self-healing containers powered by AI monitors. If a node fails or is compromised, systems autonomously reroute workloads or replicate entire microservices across locations. This is critical in defense, finance, and cross-border enterprise computing.

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5. AI-Driven Cybersecurity and Autonomous Threat Response

Cybersecurity has entered a new phase. Traditional firewalls and antivirus tools are now replaced or enhanced by AI-powered Security Operation Centers (SOCs).

In 2025, cyber-defense tools don’t just detect breaches — they simulate thousands of potential attack vectors in real-time and isolate threats before execution.

Zero-day attacks are now countered with AI-generated patches distributed via blockchain to prevent forgery or interception. AI also handles phishing detection with deep pattern recognition across behavioral signals.

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6. Extended Reality (XR) in Enterprise Training and Operations

Immersive XR has matured from entertainment to a business-critical solution. In fields like oil exploration, aviation, healthcare, and military, XR simulations provide full-environment training with dynamic AI-driven responses.

Moreover, real-time digital twins (3D models of factories or cities) are now manipulated using VR interfaces linked to live IoT data. Engineers wearing smart visors can see equipment health, heat maps, and even real-time analytics overlaid in their field of view.

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7. Sustainable and Circular Tech Development

Eco-conscious computing is now a technical requirement rather than a CSR talking point. Companies are building hardware that is modular, recyclable, and less resource-hungry.

Chip manufacturers are using bio-based substrates, low-energy transistors, and AI to manage power consumption dynamically. AI also assists in designing software that minimizes energy waste. Even data centers are integrating underwater cooling, solar microgrids, and AI-optimized energy balancing.

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8. Brain-Computer Interfaces and Cognitive Computing

BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) technology, once purely medical, is now entering consumer and military sectors. Wearable BCI headsets allow basic control of digital devices through neural impulses.

In research labs, high-bandwidth BCIs have been used to transmit visual memory data and control prosthetic limbs with remarkable precision. Cognitive computing platforms combine neuroscience with machine learning to model human reasoning, emotion detection, and preference learning.

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9. Next-Gen Programming with AI-Augmented Development

Software development has become radically more efficient. Developers now use AI co-pilots that suggest entire code blocks, generate test cases, review code for bugs, and even predict architectural bottlenecks.

Natural language programming is emerging: developers describe what they want in plain English, and AI produces functioning code. Companies are hiring fewer developers to write more scalable software using fewer resources.

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10. Autonomous Systems and Swarm Robotics

Swarm robotics and AI coordination are being deployed in logistics, agriculture, disaster management, and planetary exploration. Small autonomous agents now communicate via mesh networks, operate without central control, and dynamically adapt to new environments.

Amazon’s warehouse fleet, for instance, uses distributed AI to coordinate thousands of bots without collisions. In agriculture, drone swarms map crop health, deliver micro-doses of fertilizer, and adjust routes based on weather data in real time.

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Global Slowdown

As of June 2025, the global economy is facing a significant slowdown. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has revised its growth forecast, projecting a drop in worldwide economic growth from 3.3% in 2024 to 2.9% in both 2025 and 2026. This slowdown is largely due to rising trade tensions and protectionist policies, especially from major economies like the United States.

One of the key factors behind this decline is the return of aggressive trade policies. The U.S. has reintroduced high tariffs on imports, which has disrupted global trade. In response, other countries have also taken similar actions, creating a cycle of retaliation that affects international markets. This environment of uncertainty is making businesses across the globe hesitant to invest, expand, or take risks.

Another issue is inflation. Prices of goods and services are increasing due to higher import costs caused by tariffs. In many developed countries, inflation is expected to reach over 4% this year. This affects not only the purchasing power of consumers but also puts pressure on central banks to raise interest rates, which can further slow down economic activity.

The slowdown is being felt differently across regions. In the United States, growth is expected to decline from 2.8% in 2024 to around 1.6% in 2025. The country is also facing a growing budget deficit, predicted to hit 8% of its GDP by 2026. China, while still growing, is expected to see its growth ease from 5% to 4.3% over the next two years, despite attempts to stimulate its economy. In Europe, the eurozone is showing slightly better resilience, but still with modest growth projections between 1% to 1.2%.

Overall, the global economic outlook remains uncertain. Trade tensions, inflation, and cautious business behavior are combining to create a slower and more fragile recovery. Countries may need to cooperate more closely to stabilize the global economy and restore investor and consumer confidence.

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Türkiye Study Visa Guide for Pakistani Students – 2025

Study in Türkiye from Pakistan – 2025 Full Guide

Studying in Türkiye has become a popular option for Pakistani students due to its affordable education, cultural familiarity, and geographic proximity. Here is a plain text, comprehensive guide for 2025 covering every major aspect from visa process to study benefits and post-graduation pathways.

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Why Study in Türkiye?

• Education is high quality and internationally recognized.

• Numerous programs available in English.

• Tuition and living costs are lower than most Western countries.

• Türkiye offers a culturally welcoming environment for Pakistani and other Muslim students.

• Safe and student-friendly cities like Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, and Bursa.

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Programs and Fields of Study

Turkish universities offer thousands of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs. Popular disciplines include:

• Medicine and Dentistry

• Engineering and IT

• Business and Economics

• Architecture

• Social Sciences

• International Relations

• Islamic Studies

• Aviation and Logistics

• Agriculture and Environmental Sciences

Top public and private universities often offer full English medium programs.

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Tuition Fees in 2025

• Public Universities (Annual):

  • Undergraduate: $500 – $1,500

  • Master's: $600 – $2,000

• Private Universities (Annual):

  • Undergraduate: $5,000 – $20,000

  • Master's: $5,000 – $15,000

Tuition varies by program and university. Medical and engineering fields are typically more expensive.

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Living Costs in Türkiye (Monthly Average in 2025)

• Dormitory or shared flat: $100 – $250

• Food and groceries: $100 – $200

• Transport and utilities: $50 – $100

• Personal expenses: $50 – $100

Estimated total monthly cost: $300 – $600

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Student Visa Process from Pakistan

1. University Admission

   • Apply to a Turkish university.

   • Receive an official letter of acceptance.

2. Visa Application

   • Apply at the Turkish Consulate in Islamabad, Lahore, or Karachi.

   • Required documents include:

     • Valid passport

     • Visa application form

     • 2 passport-size photos

     • University acceptance letter

     • Proof of financial support (bank statement)

     • Visa fee receipt

3. Processing Time

   • 2 to 4 weeks typically.

4. Arrival in Türkiye

   • Apply for a residence permit within 30 days at the local Immigration Office.

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Post-Arrival: Residence Permit & Registration

• Must apply through the Directorate General of Migration Management website.

• Receive permit card valid for the duration of your studies.

• Allows legal stay and travel within Türkiye.

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Working Conditions for Students

• Part-time work allowed for students.

• Undergraduate students can work up to 24 hours per week.

• Master's and PhD students can work more flexibly.

• Internships are permitted and often provided by universities.

• Turkish language skills improve job chances.

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After Degree: Work Permit and Stay Back Options

• After graduation, students can apply for a 1-year job-seeking residence permit.

• Once a job is secured, apply for a Turkish work permit through your employer.

• Sectors with good job prospects include tourism, IT, trade, engineering, and education.

• Turkish proficiency becomes essential for long-term career growth in Türkiye.

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Pathway to Europe After Graduation

• Türkiye has student exchange agreements with EU universities (Erasmus+).

• Turkish degrees are accepted in many European countries, especially for further studies.

• Students can move to EU countries for Master’s or PhD based on Turkish bachelor’s degrees.

• After gaining work experience in Türkiye, applying for EU Blue Card or national work visas (Germany, Netherlands, etc.) becomes easier.

• Many graduates apply for jobs or higher studies in countries like Germany, Sweden, Austria, and Italy.

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Student Life and Culture in Türkiye

• Türkiye is culturally close to Pakistan, with halal food, mosques, and Islamic values respected.

• Pakistani student communities are active in all major cities.

• The country offers stunning landscapes, historic sites, and a rich blend of European and Asian culture.

• Public transport is efficient and student discounts are available.

• Friendly locals and a secure environment make day-to-day life easy.

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Key Tips for 2025 Applicants

• Start application process at least 6 months before semester intake.

• For undergraduate, prefer public universities for cost-saving.

• Master’s applicants may target foundation scholarships or apply directly to private institutions.

• Learn basic Turkish before or after arrival – it helps academically and socially.

• Keep documents translated and attested by HEC and MOFA before submission.

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